1	Mitosis & Meiosis Biology & PreAP Biology PAK 5
2	Cell Reproduction Prokaryotic Cells Has a single DNA molecule that is circular. Reproduce by binary fission. Eukaryotic Cells DNA is organized into genes. When cells prepare to divide, form chromosomes.
3	Karyotypes Scientists and doctors use karyotypes (a picture of chromosomes) to analyze human disorders. They use diploid human cells in metaphase. Chromosomes 1-22 are called autosomes Chromosome pair 23 are the sex chromosome.
4	Human Genetic Disorders Some disorders are only found on the autosomes. Ex. Albinism, Tay-Sachs Disease, Sickle Cell Anemia, PKU, and Huntington Disease. Chromosomes can cause problems also if there are too many or too few. Ex. Turner Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome, Down Syndrome.
5	Cell Cycle Defined as the period of time from the beginning of one cell division to the beginning of the next. Length of the cycles vary based on the type of cell. Ave. length of human cell cycle is about 20 hours. What regulates cell growth?
6	Cell Division-Interphase Includes the G₁, S, and G₂ phases. Chromosomes begin to unfold. Cell growth takes place.
7	Cell Division-Prophase Generally the longest phase (50% of total time of mitosis) Chromosomes begin to appear forming chromatids In animal cells, centrioles move to opposite sides of the nucleus. Form spindles.
8	Cell Division-Metaphase Shortest phase of mitosis Chromosomes attach to spindles and line up in the center of the cell.
9	Cell Division-Anaphase The chromatids split apart and move towards each pole. Phase is complete when movement of chromatids ends
10	Cell Division-Telophase/Cytokinesis The spindles begin to break apart. The chromosomes begin to spread out. The nuclear membrane reforms. Cytokinesis- Actual splitting of the cytoplasm.
11	Meiosis Defined as the process of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the cell by half. Produces gametes (ex. Egg, sperm, pollen cells) Look over the phases of Meiosis p. 144 in your text. Terms to know: Haploid, Diploid, Crossing Over
12	Differences Between Mitosis & Meiosis
13	The Reproductive System The Male Reproductive System Know organs and functions. The Female Reproductive System Know organs and functions. See Ch. 43 in your text.